Boletim informativo NEPS
Universidade do Minho. Instituto de Ciências Sociais. Núcleo de Estudos de População e Sociedade
2001-11-01
University students' psychopathology: correlates and the examiner's potential bias effect 
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Psicopatologia em estudantes universitários: correlatos e o efeito de enviesamento potencial do examinador
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Background: Psychopathological symptoms are very common among university students from different cultures, but the socio-demographic correlates that have been found are different depending on the studies. The correlates of such symptoms among Portuguese students have not been studied thoroughly, besides the methodological issues that arise in this type of studies, in the sense that has not been described who does the psychological evaluations.Aims:the main objective was to verify if there is a difference on psychopathological symptoms between two groups questioned by two different examiners, controlling for the potential role of social desirability, and other potential covariates. Additionally, we want to assess the level of psychopathology and its socio-demographic correlates.Methods: 185 Coimbra's university students completed the Brief Symptom Inventory/BSI and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. In one group the examiner was of the same age and academic status as the students, while in the other group the examiner was older and a teacher. We studied the psychopathological correlates with Pearson, point-biserial correlations, and qui-square analyses, and we controlled the potential role of covariates through Quade non-parametric ANCOVAs.Results: The level of distress was lower in comparison with other investigations. Women had higher level of distress and more symptoms of somatization, anxiety, phobic anxiety, obsessive-compulsion, and depression. The students that live a higher distance from home had more anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The group assessed by the younger examiner scored higher in distress and in some BSI factors, and had lower levels on social desirability.Conclusions: Sex and distance from home seem important factors for university students' mental health. However, the examiner does have an influence in the evaluation, probably because of social desirability, suggesting that the examiner's characteristics should be given in investigations involving university students.
Contexto: Os sintomas psicopatológicos são muito comuns em estudantes universitários de diferentes culturas, mas os correlatos sociodemográficos são diferentes consoante os estudos. Adicionalmente, os correlatos em estudantes portugueses não foram ainda estudados de forma aprofundada, para além de que se levantam questões metodológicas neste tipo de estudos, no sentido de que não tem sido descrito quem faz as avaliações psicológicas. Objetivos: O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar se existe diferença nos sintomas psicopatológicos entre dois grupos avaliados por dois examinadores diferentes, controlando o papel potencial da desejabilidade social, e de outras covariáveis eventuais. Além disso, queremos determinar o nível de psicopatologia e os seus correlatos sociodemográficos. Métodos: Cento e oitenta e cinco estudantes universitários de Coimbra completaram o Inventário Breve de Sintomas/IBS e a Escala de Desejabilidade Social de Marlowe-Crowne. Num grupo, o examinador era da mesma idade e do mesmo estatuto académico que os alunos, enquanto no outro grupo o examinador era mais velho e professor. Estudámos as associações psicopatológicas através de correlações de Pearson e ponto bisserial e análises qui-quadrado, e controlámos o papel potencial das covariáveis através de ANCOVAs não-paramétricas de Quade. Resultados: O nível de sofrimento foi menor em comparação com outras investigações. As mulheres apresentaram maior nível de sofrimento e mais sintomas de somatização, ansiedade, ansiedade fóbica, obsessivo-compulsivos e de depressão. Os alunos que moram mais longe tiveram mais ansiedade e sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos. O grupo avaliado pelo examinador mais jovem pontuou mais no índice de sofrimento e em alguns fatores do IBS, e tiveram níveis inferiores na desejabilidade social. Conclusões: O sexo e distância de casa parecem fatores importantes para a saúde mental de estudantes universitários. No entanto, o examinador influencia a avaliação, provavelmente por causa da desejabilidade social, sugerindo que as características do examinador devem ser fornecidas em investigações envolvendo estudantes universitários.
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