Boletim informativo NEPS
Universidade do Minho. Instituto de Ciências Sociais. Núcleo de Estudos de População e Sociedade
2001-11-01
Resultados de pesquisa
Foram encontrados 16 registos.
Background: The concept of normality has eluded a single universal, static and linear definition, despite extensive investigation by such diverse areas of knowledge as philosophy, anthropology, medicine, psychology, statistics, among others. The pathological is in continuous dialogue with normality and, therefore, this debate is of interest to forensic psychiatry (FP).Aims: To understand the role of FP in helping define the limits and exceptions (within Law) to a presumed “legal normality” and the tensions that arise in such task.Methods: We undertook a selective literature review, focused on philosophy of law and forensic psychiatry.Results and Conclusions: While beginning by recounting the efforts to define normal within the field of psychiatry, through the works of Alejandro Raitzin, Daniel Offer and Melvin Sabshin, we restart again...
Modern medicine has many roots on greco-roman practice of the medical art. The authors analyse the work De Medicina by Aulus Cornelius Celsus. They look upon the nature of the medical knowledge, the principles of ethics, causality and describe the mental disorders (phrenitis, depression, third insanity, seizure disorder and womb disease), with special detail to signs and symptoms, treatment and prognosis. An association with current medical knowledge is established.
The human experience of time has been the object of study since antiquity, ranging from philosophers to contemporary neuroscience researchers. Some experiences may disturb the relation than Man has with Time, be they general and mundane situations – like a child playing with his toy (Thomas Fuchs) – to diseases, such as depressive or manic experiences or the schizophrenic way-of-being-in-theworld. We outline some concepts regarding temporality and shortly after we head on to the disturbance of temporality in the manic experience, both in the world-time (chronometric, explicit) and lived time (implicit) dimensions, with contributions from several authors, such as Eugène Minkowski, Leston Havens, Ludwig Binswanger, Medard Boss and Thomas Fuchs.
Forensic psychiatry has experienced a significant development in the last few decades. Several mechanisms underlie this shift, including deinstitutionalization of mental health patients and extraordinary progress in neurosciences, imaging technologies and psychology, just no name a few. This development has put in evidence specific needs for training and education. A review and comparison of forensic psychiatry training in several European countries, U.S.A. and Brazil is made.A mixed approach was used, including a) systematic literature review (Pubmed search, 1989-2009) and cross-reference search and inclusion; b) specific online sites search (e.g. medical associations or scientific societies responsible for forensic psychiatry training); c) direct contact with psychiatrists and forensic psychiatrists.Forensic psychiatry training is st...
Introdução: Os processos de interdição-inabilitação colidem necessariamente com a liberdade individual, condicionando restrição nos direitos fundamentais. Inexistindo qualquer intenção de pena ou castigo, visam antes a protecção do maior Incapaz, procurando-se a máxima preservação da capacidade e uma proporcionalidade entre as medidas e o grau de incapacidade. Nas perícias psiquiátricas das acções especiais de interdição-inabilitação, cujo número tem crescido nos últimos anos, a responsabilidade que recai no perito aumentou desde 2013, uma vez que o Juiz só intervém directamente (interrogatório judicial) quando a acção é contestada, o que não é frequente.Objectivos: Revisitar os conceitos de interdição/inabilitação e os mecanismos para os modificar ou suspender. Conhecer a realidade nacional respeitante aos pedidos de alteração da sent...
The current concept of paraphrenia has its historical origins in Emil Kraepelin's work. Several factors, however, contributed to the fading out of this disorder, namely the follow-up study of W. Mayer, the influences of Bleuler and of some related concepts, such as Roth's late paraphrenia. Over the last decades Alistair Munro and co-workers have contributed to the clarification and precision of the paraphrenia concept. One of the essentials steps was to come up with a specific set of diagnostic criteria, which are presented here translated to Portuguese.
Oncologic diseases currently have a high prevalence and present as one of the leading causes of death in the western world. Clinical depression and emotional distress are often the outcome of the threat these diseases present to individual existence. Although its precise determination is hampered by methodological problems, up to 50% of cancer patients may become clinically depressed and experience intense personal distress. We performed a literature review on screening and evaluating clinical depression in cancer patients (risk factors, instruments and strategies) and its treatment (psychotherapy, drug treatment and care management).Non-systematic literature review. The search was performed on Pubmed with the following keywords in title/abstract fields: cancer, oncology, depression, psychiatry, morbidity, screening, treatment, psychot...
Opium was known and frequently used in Roman society. Medical practice recognized its usefulness as an analgesic, soporific, anti-tussic or anti-diarrheic agent, as well as other currently unsupported uses with quasi-magical properties. It was additionally used as an ingredient in antidotes, panaceas and poisons. The authors present a non-exhaustive compilation of opium use according to medical doctors, writers and encyclopaedists of the time. Mythological and literary representations of the opium poppy reflected its diverse roles, being associated with prosperity and fertility, sleep, death and the underworld and with the art of medicine. Despite its free and routine use, there is no solid evidence of addiction, except the putative case of emperor Marcus Aurelius, consistently reported as one of the most likely cases of addiction to o...
Cancer is accompanied by important psychological distress experienced by both patient and family. From the moment of the diagnosis on, the patient has to develop a great number of mechanisms and tasks of adjustment to the illness and its circumstances. The high prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders during the course of cancer increases in the end stage disea‐ se. Therefore, a global plan of intervention integrating somatic and psychological/ psychiatric care throughout all the phases of the illness is crucial in the treatment of these patients. Health professionals working on this field can also experience emotional reactions to their patients’ suffering. They should be aware of the emotional aspects involved and develop training to help them intervene adequately with the patient and the family. The articulation between oncolo...
Since its inception, the theoretical exploration of psychotherapy has originated diverse ideas on the mechanisms underlying its effectiveness. The authors focus on one of the founding moments of the theory of common factors in psychotherapy and subsequently explore its theoretical grounds and conceptual evolution. Criticism to the construct and exposure of its fragilities are also approached. Some consequences of this knowledge relating to the practice and training of psychotherapy are put forward.
