Boletim informativo NEPS
Universidade do Minho. Instituto de Ciências Sociais. Núcleo de Estudos de População e Sociedade
2001-11-01
Resultados de pesquisa
Foram encontrados 21 registos.
One of the most common indications for Liver transplantation is Alcohol Liver Disease (ALD). Transplant recipients with ALD have a similar prognosis in terms of medical evolution and quality of life to those with other liver diseases. ALD is present when alcoholism (alcohol dependence /abuse) or heavy drinking coexists with chronic/acute liver disease. In the present article difficulties in establishing this diagnosis are debated. The main predictors of alcohol intake relapse after transplantation are: pre-transplantation abstinence (> 6m), social support, diagnosis acceptance, history of previous treatments, alcohol abuse VS dependence, Vaillant prognosis factors, good adherence (good prognosis); and family history of alcoholism, psychiatric history (psychosis, personality disorder), duration of alcoholism period, quantity of alcohol ...
Background: Etymologically, the term “délire”, comes from the latin delirare, referring to individuals that move away from normality. Throughout history the term “délire” included a number of meanings beyond the disturbances of thought.Aims: In this article we intend to explore the conceptual history of the term “délire” in psychopathology since its appearance until our time.Methods: A bibliographic research was preformed including articles and text-books in english, french, spanish and portuguese.Results and Conclusions: Before the 18 th century, many authors called attention to the importance of the disturbances of thought content (as we today see the term “délire”in french), in the definition of madness. Nevertheless, in the early years the term “délire” was confounded with general madness, and...
Anxiety and depression are very common in patients with medical illness and can be associated to a reduction in quality of life and a poor clinical evolution. The actual concept of anxiety is based on many theoretical models as Goldstein's anxiety model, State/trate anxiety model, Lazarus' transactional stress model. The concept of depression is based on models such as Beck's Cognitive Model and Seligman's learned helplessness model of depression. The link between anxiety/depression and medical illness can be of two kinds: biological (immunological, neuroendocrine, inflammatory systems) and behavioural (coping strategies, adherence to medical advice and prescription, etc). The evaluation of anxiety and depression in medical patient can be done by many ways: taxonomic VS dimensional approach, auto VS heteroevaluation; specific instrumen...
Background: Overweight is an increasing problem worldwide. Data from 2008 show that, in Portugal, 60% of the adult population was overweight and 25% was obese. The relation between mood disorders and obesity is well known and about 2/3 of those who search for bariatric surgery have a psychiatric diagnosis, being depression the most common.Aims: We reviewed the relation between depression and obesity before and after bariatric surgery and evaluated its impact in the pharmacokinetics of antidepressant medication and nutrients that influence depressive symptomatology.Methods: We conducted a non-systematic review of the literature published in English between 1988 and 2015, through research in MEDLINE with the keywords absorption, bioavailability, bariatric surgery, obesity, depression, antidepressants.Results: Depression and obesity pot...
The association between personality and medical health has been subject of several studies. The most accepted theoretical models of personality, in this context, are of two kinds: Three factor model (neuroticism, extraversion epsicoticism) and five factor model (neuroticism, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, and openess to experience). There are three ways which can explain the interaction between personality and medical illness: Hyperactivity induced by personality, personality and illness independent predisposition, non-healthy behaviours induced by personality. There are several ways of assessing personality in medical illness: taxonomic vs dimensional approaches; Auto vs hetero evaluation; Specific vs non-specific methods. We analyse the arguments against and favourable to any of these approaches. Some of the most used in...
With the recent development of surgical techniques and other treatments of transplanted patients the increase in survival is not anymore the unique objective of the intervention. Nowadays, increase in quality of life is a very important aim. The instruments that assess quality of life can be multi/unidimensional, specific/nonspecific. One of the most important instruments to evaluate quality of life in all kinds of patients is the MOS-SF36, validated to Portuguese population. According to most published studies, there is an improvement in quality of life dimensions after transplantation. In some prospective studies it is shown that quality of life after transplantation is determined by some pre-transplantation factors such as medical factors (severity of illness) and psychiatric factors (personality, depression, coping strategies).
Background: Psychiatric is common in patients with respiratory disease, with depressive and anxiety disorders being the most frequent in this patient population. However, these tend to be under-diagnosed, possibly due to the overlap between the somatic manifestations of psychiatric illness and physical symptoms of severe respiratory distress. The occurrence of psychiatric disorders in patients with respiratory disease has a negative impact on several health indicators (illness control, poor adherence to treatment, functional impairment, increased use of health care services, delays in assessment or treatment and increased health related costs). The treatment of psychiatric disorders associated with respiratory disease may contribute to better quality of life and may help relieve some respiratory symptomatology...
Background: Henrique João Barahona-Fernandes (1907-1992) was one of the most important psychiatrists of the 20th century. Thanks to his direct contact with Egas Moniz, Sobral Cid, Carl Kleist, Kurt Schneider, Karl Jaspers among others, and thanks to his mastery and impressive capacity of publication, he left an extensive contribute to psychopathology that is not at all out of date, and must be shown to the new generations. Aims: A brief revision was made including the most important psychopatological concepts within all Barahona-Fernandes’ works. Methods: Research and reflection, using all of the relevant material found in the «Professor Doutor Barahona-Fernandes Library» (Hospital Júlio de Matos, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa – HJM CHPL), where most of his works are kept. Results: Within the many works that we have consulte...
There is enough evidence about the importance psychiatric disorders (in the pre or post-operative period) have on the transplanted patient's clinical evolution and quality of life. In this review we describe, the main psychiatric items involved in the selection of candidates and accompaniment of transplanted patients. We concluded that psychiatric disorders are common in candidates in the pre-operative period. In this period the prevalence of depression is 33%, anxiety 34%, alcohol dependence/abuse (in hepatic transplant candidates) 59%, delirium 24% and alexithymia 28%. Psychiatric disorders are also common in candidates in the post-operative period. In this period the prevalence of depression is 30%, anxiety 26%, delirium 30%, PTSD 6.4% and psychosis 7.5%. The alcohol relapse after liver transplant occurs in about 29% of the transpla...
